Fertility Conditions We Treat
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Infertility is a reproductive health condition that can affect both men and women and may make it difficult to conceive naturally. It is generally defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. However, the time required before seeking medical evaluation may vary depending on age and individual reproductive health.
Several factors can contribute to infertility, including hormonal imbalances, ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, reduced sperm count or motility, and age-related changes in reproductive health. In some couples, fertility challenges may involve both partners, while in others, the cause may remain unexplained even after investigations.
A timely fertility assessment can help identify possible contributing factors and determine the next steps. Women below 35 years are generally advised to seek evaluation after 12 months of trying to conceive, while women aged 35 years and above may benefit from assessment after six months. Those over 40 or with known reproductive health concerns may require earlier evaluation.
If you are facing difficulty conceiving or have concerns about your reproductive health, consider consulting a fertility specialist near you in Gurgaon at Miracles Healthcare for an evaluation and personalised guidance on the treatment options suited to your needs.
Infertility is broadly classified into two main types based on whether a person has conceived previously.
Primary Infertility: Primary infertility refers to a situation where a person or couple has never achieved a pregnancy despite regular, unprotected sexual intercourse for the recommended duration. It may be associated with ovulation disorders, hormonal imbalances, problems with sperm production, blocked fallopian tubes, or other reproductive health conditions.
Secondary Infertility: Secondary infertility occurs when a person or couple has difficulty conceiving after having achieved at least one previous pregnancy, regardless of whether it resulted in a live birth.
Both primary and secondary infertility can affect men and women and may require a comprehensive fertility evaluation.
Difficulty conceiving is often the main indication of infertility. However, some individuals may experience additional symptoms related to underlying reproductive health conditions.
Common symptoms in women include:
Irregular, absent, or unusually painful menstrual periods.
Heavy or unusually light menstrual bleeding.
Pain during sexual intercourse.
Pelvic pain or discomfort.
Symptoms associated with hormonal imbalance, such as excessive facial hair or acne.
Recurrent pregnancy loss.
Common symptoms in men include:
Changes in sexual desire.
Difficulty maintaining or achieving an erection.
Problems with ejaculation.
Pain, swelling, or a lump in the testicles.
Changes in testicular size.
Previous history of testicular injury or infection.
It is important to understand that infertility may not cause noticeable physical symptoms. Many individuals only become aware of a possible fertility problem when they experience difficulty conceiving.
Infertility can develop because of reproductive, hormonal, genetic, lifestyle-related, or medical factors. The underlying causes may affect either partner or both partners simultaneously.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): PCOS can interfere with regular ovulation due to hormonal imbalances, making it difficult to conceive.
Ovulation Disorders: Irregular or absent ovulation can prevent the release of a mature egg required for fertilisation.
Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Blockages caused by infections, previous surgeries, or pelvic inflammatory disease can prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
Endometriosis: This condition occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, potentially affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and reproductive function.
Uterine Abnormalities: Fibroids, polyps, and certain structural abnormalities of the uterus may interfere with implantation or pregnancy.
Age-Related Fertility Changes: As women age, egg quantity and quality gradually decline, which can affect the chances of conception.
Hormonal Imbalances: Thyroid disorders, elevated prolactin levels, and other endocrine conditions may affect menstrual cycles and ovulation.
Low Sperm Count: A reduced number of sperm in semen can lower the chances of fertilisation.
Poor Sperm Motility: Sperm with reduced movement may have difficulty reaching and fertilising the egg.
Abnormal Sperm Morphology: Changes in sperm shape and structure may affect their ability to fertilise an egg.
Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum can affect testicular function and sperm production in some men.
Hormonal Disorders: Imbalances involving testosterone and other reproductive hormones may interfere with sperm production.
Infections: Certain reproductive tract infections can affect sperm health or cause blockages.
Ejaculation Disorders: Conditions that interfere with normal ejaculation may affect the delivery of sperm during intercourse.
Infertility diagnosis involves evaluating the reproductive health of both partners to identify possible causes of difficulty conceiving. A fertility specialist may recommend different tests based on medical history, age, symptoms, and previous pregnancy experiences.
Common infertility investigation include:
The infertility doctor reviews menstrual patterns, previous pregnancies, sexual health, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, surgeries, and the duration of attempts to conceive.
Blood investigations may be recommended to assess reproductive hormone levels. These can include:
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) to help assess ovarian reserve.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
Prolactin.
Progesterone, when appropriate, to assess ovulation.
Ultrasound helps examine the uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic structures. It may help identify ovarian cysts, fibroids, polyps, and other structural concerns.
The doctor may recommend menstrual cycle tracking, progesterone testing, or ultrasound monitoring to determine whether ovulation is occurring regularly.
HSG is an imaging test used to evaluate the uterine cavity and check whether the fallopian tubes are open.
Semen analysis is an important investigation for male fertility. It evaluates sperm concentration, movement, and morphology to identify possible abnormalities.
Depending on the findings, further tests may include hysteroscopy, genetic testing, or specialised male reproductive evaluations.
A combination of these investigations helps the fertility specialist understand the possible causes and recommend an appropriate treatment approach.
Infertility treatment depends on the underlying cause, age, reproductive health, duration of infertility, and individual fertility goals. Not every couple requires IVF, as some conditions can be managed through medication, lifestyle modifications, or less invasive fertility treatments.
Common infertility treatment options include:
Medications may be prescribed to stimulate ovulation in women who experience irregular or absent egg release. The treatment may be accompanied by ultrasound monitoring to assess follicular development.
Hormonal medications may be recommended to manage certain reproductive hormone imbalances that interfere with ovulation or sperm production.
IUI is a fertility procedure in which prepared sperm are placed directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation. It may be considered in selected cases of unexplained infertility, mild male-factor infertility, or certain ovulatory conditions.
IVF is an assisted reproductive technology in which eggs are retrieved from the ovaries and fertilised with sperm in a laboratory. The resulting embryo may then be transferred into the uterus. IVF may be recommended for conditions such as blocked fallopian tubes, certain cases of male-factor infertility, endometriosis, or unexplained infertility when other treatments have not been successful.
ICSI is an advanced fertilisation technique in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg. It may be recommended in selected cases of male-factor infertility or previous fertilisation difficulties.
Certain reproductive conditions, such as varicocele, uterine abnormalities, endometriosis, or specific tubal problems, may require surgery depending on the clinical findings.
In selected circumstances, fertility specialists may discuss the use of donor eggs or sperm when there are significant challenges involving egg or sperm quality or availability.
The choice of treatment should be individualised after evaluating both partners. A fertility specialist can explain the available options, their potential benefits, limitations, and associated considerations.
Several factors can influence reproductive health and increase the possibility of infertility in men and women.
Common risk factors include:
Advancing Age: Fertility gradually declines with age, particularly due to changes in egg quantity and quality in women.
Smoking: Tobacco use can negatively affect egg quality, sperm health, and reproductive function.
Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy alcohol intake may affect reproductive hormones and fertility in both partners.
Unhealthy Body Weight: Being underweight or overweight may interfere with hormonal balance and ovulation.
Chronic Medical Conditions: Diabetes, thyroid disorders, and certain autoimmune conditions may affect reproductive health.
Sexually Transmitted Infections: Untreated infections can cause reproductive tract damage and affect fertility.
Environmental Exposure: Certain chemicals, toxins, and prolonged exposure to excessive heat may affect reproductive health.
Previous Reproductive Surgeries: Some pelvic or testicular surgeries may influence fertility.
Cancer Treatments: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can affect egg and sperm production.
Having one or more risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will experience infertility. However, understanding these factors can help individuals seek timely medical advice.
Not all causes of infertility can be prevented, particularly those related to age, genetics, or certain medical conditions. However, maintaining reproductive health and addressing underlying concerns early may help reduce some fertility-related risks.
Consider the following preventive measures:
Maintain a Healthy Weight: A balanced body weight supports hormonal health and regular reproductive function.
Follow a Nutritious Diet: Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and adequate protein in your daily meals.
Avoid Smoking and Tobacco: Smoking can negatively affect reproductive health in both men and women.
Limit Alcohol Consumption: Avoid excessive alcohol intake to support overall reproductive health.
Exercise Regularly: Moderate physical activity can support metabolic health and hormonal balance.
Manage Existing Medical Conditions: Seek appropriate treatment for conditions such as PCOS, diabetes, and thyroid disorders.
Practice Safe Sex: Using appropriate protection and seeking timely treatment for sexually transmitted infections can help prevent reproductive tract complications.
Avoid Unnecessary Delays in Evaluation: Women aged 35 and above should consider fertility evaluation after six months of unsuccessful attempts, while women over 40 may benefit from an earlier consultation.
Seek Medical Advice for Menstrual Irregularities: Persistent irregular periods, pelvic pain, or other reproductive concerns should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Consider Fertility Preservation: Individuals planning treatments that may affect reproductive function, such as chemotherapy, can discuss egg or sperm freezing with a fertility specialist beforehand.
If you have been trying to conceive but pregnancy has not occurred, a timely consultation with a fertility specialist near you can help identify possible causes and guide you towards appropriate care. Consider seeking medical advice in the following situations:
Difficulty Conceiving: You have been trying to conceive for 12 months or longer if the woman is below 35 years of age, or for six months if she is 35 or older.
Age Above 40: You are over 40 and planning a pregnancy. An earlier fertility assessment may help you understand your reproductive health and available options.
Irregular or Absent Periods: Your menstrual cycles are irregular, unusually long, or absent, as these may indicate ovulation-related concerns.
Existing Reproductive Health Conditions: You have been diagnosed with PCOS, endometriosis, fibroids, or a history of pelvic infections or reproductive surgery.
Repeated Pregnancy Losses: You have experienced two or more pregnancy losses and would like to understand whether further evaluation is needed.
Male Fertility Concerns: There is a history of testicular injury, reproductive infections, sexual health difficulties, or an abnormal semen analysis.
Previous Fertility Treatment: You have undergone fertility treatment without achieving pregnancy and want to explore the next steps.
Both partners need to undergo fertility evaluation, as difficulty conceiving may be related to female factors, male factors, or a combination of both. A specialist can recommend relevant investigations and discuss suitable treatment options based on the couple's age, medical history, and individual fertility needs.
Difficulty conceiving can affect couples for various reasons, including hormonal imbalances, ovulation disorders, reduced ovarian reserve, endometriosis, blocked fallopian tubes, or male-factor infertility. Whether you are experiencing primary infertility, secondary infertility, or unexplained difficulty conceiving, identifying the possible cause is an important step towards choosing the right treatment approach.
Miracles Healthcare is a fertility hospital in Gurgaon that has been providing fertility treatments, including IVF, ICSI, IUI, and egg freezing, to help couples consult an experienced team of fertility doctors for the evaluation and management of fertility-related concerns since 2002. Our team follows a treatment approach that begins with understanding the medical history and reproductive health of both partners, followed by relevant investigations and treatment planning. With centres across Sector 14, Sector 56, and Sector 82, Miracles Healthcare offers access to fertility consultations, diagnostic support, and relevant specialist care at multiple locations. Treatment recommendations are guided by individual health needs, investigation findings, and the couple's fertility goals.
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If pregnancy has not occurred after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse (or six months if the woman is 35 or older), a fertility evaluation is recommended. Irregular periods or known reproductive health concerns may warrant earlier assessment.
There is no fixed age when 90% of eggs are lost. Ovarian reserve declines throughout life, with a more noticeable decline in the mid-to-late 30s.
No, many women conceive at 35 and beyond. However, fertility gradually declines with age, and pregnancy-related risks may increase, so timely medical guidance is helpful.
Many causes of infertility can be treated or managed with medication, surgery, IUI, or IVF, depending on the underlying condition. Treatment outcomes vary from person to person.
Female fertility is generally highest during the 20s and begins to decline gradually in the early 30s, with a more significant decline after 35.
Yes, 20 is within the reproductive age range, and fertility is generally favourable at this age. The right time to plan a pregnancy is also a personal decision based on individual readiness and health.
