Anal fistula necessarily requires a surgery because they don’t heal on their own if they are left untreated.
There are various options available for the surgery which will depend on the position of the fistula in relation to the anal sphincter. The surgeon may have to perform an initial examination of the area under local or general anaesthesia to pinpoint and determine the best treatment. The suitable option is then determined.
Surgery is generally done under general anaesthesia. The goal of the surgery is the treatment of the fistula without damaging the sphincter muscles and thereby preventing bowel incontinence.